Burroughs MCP: WIPL Programming

From the Algol source code of the language:

WIPL - WISCONSIN INTERACTIVE PROBLEM-SOLVING LANGUAGE
    BY  ED HARRIS  AND  BOB JANOSKI
    UNIV. OF WISCONSIN COMPUTING CENTER  (MADISON)
VERSION 1.50 (9/1/70)

So we know its name and source, but this is not much help - there is no documentation preserved and an internet search does not turn up much detail. I did find a UW report about a simulation program written in WIPL for school administration from 1969 at the Internet Archive. This includes an instruction manual for running the simulation, showing how to start WIPL and load the program - looks like this was run on the DCMCP rather than via CANDE. But no information on the language itself.

However, the CUBE tape also contains an online help file for the system which defines its syntax and how to use it. Looking at this, what stands out is its use of decimal line numbers and references to PART, for example in this fragment of a sample program:

3.0 TYPE "ENTER THE DEGREE OF THE POLYNOMIAL"
3.1 ACCEPT DEGREE
4.0 TYPE "ENTER THE COEFFICIENTS"
4.1 DO PART 30 FOR I=1 TO DEGREE+1

This makes me think this must be a JOSS clone.

JOSS - the JOHNNIAC Open Shop System - was an early time-shared language created at the RAND corporation in 1963. This ran on the one-of-a-kind computer JOHNNIAC and offered 20-30 users the ability to write simple programs that looked like this:

1.3 Do part 5 for i=1(1)100.
5.1 Type "Hello, Wikipedia!".
5.2 Type "This is JOSS.".

Many places implemented their own version of JOSS under different names (presumably because RAND held the copyright on the name JOSS) - for example BBN developed TELCOMP, DEC had FOCAL and the University of Pittsburgh had PIL. Each version made changes to the syntax but the core of the language was the same - interactive interpreter, decimal line numbers, simple loops and conditionals. The intended user was a scientist or engineer that wanted to do quick calculations but did not want to have to learn a full programming language.

First off, I assume you have the contents of the 'extras' tape installed: if not see this article.

You will need one additional file from the source CUBE tape. Get the file CUBEB13.BCD from Github and attach it to your emulator tape drive, either from the retro-b5500 tape window or via the simh command

at mt0 -r -f p7b /path/to/CUBEB13.bcd

Then switch to the operator's console, press Escape and type:

? LOAD FROM CUBEB13 ERRORS/CARDS; END

This may take a minute or so while the file is located on the tape.

Finally, you will need to rename some files. On the operator console, enter each of these commands:

? CHANGE WIPL/DISK TO 0WIPL/DISK; END
? CHANGE HELPFIL/CARDS TO WIPLS/HELPFIL; END
? ?CHANGE ERRORS/CARDS TO WIPLS/ERRORS; END

You can now run WIPL from CANDE via the RUN WIPL/DISK command. A quick example of starting WIPL, viewing the first help page and trying some immediate mode calculations before quitting and returning to CANDE:

RUN WIPL/DISK
 RUNNING
        

TYPE HELP IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS  (WIPL VERSION 1.5)
?HELP
PLEASE WAIT.
      YOU ARE USING WIPL, A B5500 INTERACTIVE LANGUAGE DEVELOPED
      BY THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN COMPUTING CENTER.  TO OBTAIN
      INFORMATION ON THE USE OF ONE OF THE STATEMENT TYPES, TYPE
      "HELP" FOLLOWED BY THE STATEMENT TYPE, SUCH AS "HELP SET".
      IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO KNOW ABOUT ANY SPECIFIC AREA OF THE
      LANGUAGE, YOU MAY CHOOSE FROM THE FOLLOWING LIST OF TOPICS:
      (TO SELECT TOPIC 2.00 TYPE "HELP 2)

 2.00 GENERAL INFORMATION
 3.00 CALCULATOR MODE
 4.00 STORED PROGRAM MODE
 5.00 SPECIAL STATEMENTS
 6.00 DEBUGGING AIDS
 7.00 SAMPLE PROGRAM
?SET A = 2
?SET B = 40
?SET C = A + B
?TYPE C
 42 
?QUIT


 END WIPL .0 SEC.

You can also use SAVE and LOAD to store programs in the file system.

So with this, we can implement the TPK algorithm in WIPL.

1.000 REM TPK ALGORITHM IN WIPL
1.010 DIM A[11]
1.020 PRINT "PLEASE ENTER 11 NUMBERS"
1.030 DO PART 2 FOR J = 1 TO 11 BY 1
1.040 PRINT "RESULTS ARE"
1.050 DO PART 3 FOR J = 11 TO 1 BY -1
1.999 STOP

2.000 REM GET EACH NUMBER AND STORE IN ARRAY
2.010 ACCEPT A[J]

3.000 REM CALCULATE TPK AND DISPLAY RESULTS
3.010 RESULT = SQRT(ABS(A[J])) + 5 * A[J] ** 3
3.020 IF RESULT GTR 400 PRINT "TOO LARGE" ELSE PRINT RESULT

I think this is fairly easy to understand, but here are a few notes. WIPL (and JOSS) programs are separated into parts (the number before the decimal point), each of which may have several lines (the number after the decimal point). A part is like a subroutine with an implicit return when the next part starts. So here we have part 1 for the entry point. It calls part 2 using a loop to input numbers, and then part 3 with a reversed loop to calculate TPK.

Variables are floating point only. Arrays need to be dimensioned before use, and are 1-indexed.

Source and a transcript of its execution can be found on Github. I have also provided a version of the code in JOSS, so you can see how the syntax has changed for WIPL.

While researching this post I found this message by Paul Kimpel. Burroughs had their own version of JOSS, originally called BOSS and later renamed to INTERP. This is actually installed on disk as part of MCP Mark XIII set up. as INTERP/DISK. However, no documentation or help file is available. I can start it, but get the error message:

-INVALID USER INTERPS SAVFILE, S = 43, A = 37

suggesting there may be a step needed to grant access to the program. The source of INTERP is available on the MCP symbol tapes, however, so this would be an interesting project to understand the code and get this version of JOSS working.

Bitsavers has a collection of original RAND documents about JOSS. There is an ongoing project to restore RAND's PDP-6 version of JOSS-II at Github.

I welcome any questions or comments, and also especially any corrections if I have got something wrong. Please email me at rupert@timereshared.com and I will add it here and update the main text.